Phytochemical Analysis of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Mahonia aquifolium Flower and Fruit Extracts

Table 4

In vivo antioxidant effects of M. aquifolium flower, green fruit, and ripe fruit extracts.

	(μmol H2O2 TOS equiv./L)	(mmol TA Trolox R equiv./L)	OSI	3NT	MD (nmol A MDA/L)	(mmol SH GSH/L)
CONTROL	29.58 ± 1.85	1.09 ± 0.001	27.13 ± 1.67	0.34 ± 0.06	4.31 ± 0.89	0.67 ± 0.09
INFLAM	41.58 ± 6.55	1.08 ± 0.0007	38.20 ± 6.009	0.67 ± 0.18	7.62 ± 0.62	0.42 ± 0.06
DICLO	24.92 ± 3.02	1.08 ± 0.0004	22.87 ± 2.77	0.29 ± 0.02	5.49 ± 0.72	0.56 ± 0.05
MGF100%	26.19 ± 7.37	1.09 ± 0.0011	24.03 ± 6.74	0.29 ± 0.04	6.90 ± 0.47	0.66 ± 0.11
MGF50%	32.09 ± 5.63	1.09 ± 0.0006	29.45 ± 5.15	0.32 ± 0.02	6.97 ± 0.54	0.67 ± 0.10
MGF25%	30.60 ± 4.59	1.09 ± 0.0008	28.07 ± 4.19	0.38 ± 0.14^∗	6.90 ± 0.47	0.59 ± 0.11
MRF100%	39.21 ± 5.31	1.08 ± 0.0008	36.02 ± 4.86	0.41 ± 0.27	6.00 ± 0.66	0.77 ± 0.14
MRF50%	34.49 ± 6.64	1.08 ± 0.0006	31.70 ± 6.10	0.42 ± 0.26	6.54 ± 0.86	0.83 ± 0.20
MRF25%	34.85 ± 7.85	1.08 ± 0.0003	32.03 ± 7.21	0.29 ± 0.03	7.73 ± 0.29	0.67 ± 0.14
MF100%	30.18 ± 4.74	1.08 ± 0.0003	27.76 ± 4.36	0.32 ± 0.06	7.15 ± 0.97	0.66 ± 0.10
MF50%	39.65 ± 4.51	1.08 ± 0.001	36.43 ± 4.12	0.45 ± 0.25	7.12 ± 0.82	0.77 ± 0.05
MF25%	32.79 ± 6.77	1.08 ± 0.001	30.12 ± 6.21	0.28 ± 0.03	7.68 ± 0.97	0.75 ± 0.14

TOS—total oxidative status, TAR—total antioxidant reactivity, OSI—oxidative stress index, 3NT—3-nitrithyrosine, MDA—malondialdehyde, SH—total thiols, MGF—M. aquifolium green fruits, MRF—M. aquifolium ripe fruits, and MF—M. aquifolium flowers; , , and .