Aqueous Extract of Dendropanax morbiferus Leaves Effectively Alleviated Neuroinflammation and Behavioral Impediments in MPTP-Induced Parkinson’s Mouse Model

Figure 6

Modulatory effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) on proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated BV-2 microglial cells. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of CA (0.5, 1, and 2 mM) in the presence or absence of LPS (200 ng/ml) for 6 h (RNA levels) and 24 h (protein levels). The qPCR results of the inflammatory cytokines were expressed as bands and fold-change quantification with respect to GAPDH ratio for iNOS (a), COX-2 (b), TNF-α (c), and IL-1β (d). The immunoblot results of inflammatory mediators iNOS (e) and COX-2 (f) were expressed as blots and fold-change quantification with respect to β-actin ratio. Data were mean ± standard error () of three independent experiments. Values were mean ± standard error ( versus control group and versus LPS-treated group).

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