Research Article

Antioxidant Activity and Genotoxic Assessment of Crabwood (Andiroba, Carapa guianensis Aublet) Seed Oils

Table 3

Mean values ± SD (MI) of revertant His+ colonies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains used in Salmonella/microssome assay after coincubation with Carapa guianensis oils.

μL/plateTA97TA98TA100TA102TA1535

Oil 1−S9067 ± 1 (1.0)41 ± 9 (1.0)118 ± 28 (1.0)428 ± 16 (1.0)14 ± 5 (1.0)
−S90.0292 ± 8 (1.4)41 ± 12 (1.0)168 ± 18 (1.4)429 ± 9 (1.0)16 ± 2 (1.1)
−S90.189 ± 13 (1.3)36 ± 7 (0.9)180 ± 13 (1.5)443 ± 39 (1.0)Cytotoxic
−S90.273 ± 10 (1.1)45 ± 1 (1.1)190 ± 19 (1.6)462 ± 12 (1.1)
−S9182 ± 9 (1.2)41 ± 4 (1.0)172 ± 28 (1.5)Cytotoxic
−S92Cytotoxic40 ± 6 (1.0)148 ± 18 (1.3)
−S93.38CytotoxicCytotoxic
+S90180 ± 35 (1.0)49 ± 7 (1.0)169 ± 1 (1.0)534 ± 73 (1.0)30 ± 4 (1.0)
+S90.02185 ± 28 (1.0)54 ± 6 (1.1)171 ± 15 (1.0)554 ± 34 (1.0)31 ± 11 (1.0)
+S90.1187 ± 27 (1.0)61 ± 20 (1.2)179 ± 10 (1.1)615 ± 41 (1.2)33 ± 4 (1.1)
+S90.2166 ± 21 (0.9)48 ± 3 (1.0)181 ± 45 (1.1)639 ± 39 (1.2)36 ± 2 (1.2)
+S91150 ± 18 (0.8)47 ± 4 (1.0)172 ± 21 (1.0)710 ± 70 (1.3)36 ± 6 (1.2)
+S92139 ± 35 (0.8)56 ± 6 (1.1)183 ± 7 (1.1)798 ± 10 (1.5)44 ± 8 (1.5)
+S93.38CytotoxicCytotoxicCytotoxicCytotoxicCytotoxic

Oil 2−S9093 ± 1 (1.0)37 ± 3 (1.0)146 ± 32 (1.0)358 ± 2 (1.0)12 ± 4 (1.0)
−S9293 ± 2 (1.0)37 ± 6 (1.0)148 ± 11 (1.0)311 ± 4 (0.9)13 ± 2 (1.1)
−S93.3893 ± 10 (1.0)38 ± 4 (1.0)152 ± 19 (1.0)268 ± 33 (0.8)13 ± 3 (1.1)
−S96.75104 ± 10 (1.1)40 ± 6 (1.1)164 ± 16 (1.1)289 ± 55 (0.8)Cytotoxic
−S912.5104 ± 15 (1.1)33 ± 5 (0.9)171 ± 21 (1.2)283 ± 105 (0.8)
−S92599 ± 6 (1.0)47 ± 4 (1.3)176 ± 14 (1.2)291 ± 44 (0.8)
−S95096 ± 7 (1.0)41 ± 3 (1.1)179 ± 17 (1.2)280 ± 50 (0.8)
−S910093 ± 10 (1.0)31 ± 7 (0.8)Cytotoxic388 ± 50 (1.1)
+S90135 ± 8 (1.0)23 ± 3 (1.0)173 ± 20 (1.0)354 ± 38 (1.0)14 ± 3 (1.0)
+S92139 ± 7 (1.0)27 ± 5 (1.2)189 ± 18 (1.1)365 ± 37 (1.0)15 ± 3 (1.1)
+S93.38133 ± 11 (1.0)28 ± 1 (1.2)188 ± 13 (1.1)386 ± 42 (1.1)16 ± 4 (1.1)
+S96.75186 ± 15 (1.4)29 ± 5 (1.3)228 ± 16 (1.3)403 ± 19 (1.1)21 ± 7 (1.5)
+S912.5191 ± 12 (1.4)30 ± 5 (1.3)260 ± 12 (1.5)396 ± 31 (1.1)Cytotoxic
+S925194 ± 13 (1.4)39 ± 1 (1.7)306 ± 10 (1.8)372 ± 40 (1.0)
+S950208 ± 16 (1.5)42 ± 4 (1.8)333 ± 15 (1.9)399 ± 18 (1.0)
+S9100215 ± 8 (1.6)Cytotoxic383 ± 20 (2.2)454 ± 32 (1.3)

Oil 3−S9073 ± 3 (1.0)31 ± 9 (1.0)132 ± 11 (1.0)263 ± 9 (1.0)11 ± 4 (1.0)
−S9273 ± 3 (1.0)31 ± 3 (1.0)132 ± 10 (1.0)260 ± 7 (1.0)12 ± 4 (1.1)
−S93.3877 ± 16 (1.1)29 ± 11 (1.0)131 ± 18 (1.0)268 ± 31 (1.0)12 ± 1 (1.1)
−S96.7576 ± 9 (1.0)33 ± 4 (1.1)138 ± 17 (1.0)289 ± 6 (1.1)13 ± 1 (1.2)
−S912.575 ± 4 (1.0)35 ± 2 (1.1)129 ± 29 (1.0)259 ± 22 (1.0)Cytotoxic
−S92591 ± 6 (1.2)31 ± 3 (1.0)119 ± 12 (0.9)259 ± 22 (1.0)
−S95093 ± 5 (1.3)31 ± 4 (1.0)130 ± 27 (1.0)365 ± 26 (1.4)
−S910094 ± 13 (1.3)30 ± 5 (1.0)108 ± 6 (0.8)388 ± 18 (1.5)
+S90145 ± 9 (1.0)29 ± 4 (1.0)193 ± 15 (1.0)267 ± 22 (1.0)11 ± 2 (1.0)
+S92143 ± 7 (1.0)31 ± 5 (1.1)199 ± 13 (1.0)280 ± 18 (1.0)15 ± 1 (1.4)
+S93.38151 ± 11 (1.0)32 ± 2 (1.1)208 ± 9 (1.1)299 ± 25 (1.1)17 ± 4 (1.5)
+S96.75Cytotoxic35 ± 3 (1.2)Cytotoxic318 ± 16 (1.2)19 ± 6 (1.7)
+S912.540 ± 6 (1.4)344 ± 22 (1.3)Cytotoxic
+S92544 ± 8 (1.5)372 ± 21 (1.4)
+S95049 ± 3 (1.7)Cytotoxic
+S9100Cytotoxic

SD: standard deviation; −S9: absence of metabolic activation; +S9: presence of metabolic activation; MI: mutagenicity index; Difference of negative control, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test (). Each sample was assayed until a cytotoxic response (survival < 70%); positive controls without S9: 4-NQO (1.0 μg/pl.) for TA97, 286 ± 17 revertants, TA98 120 ± 10 revertants, and TA1535 746 ± 58 revertants; AS (1.0 μg/pl.) for TA100, 607 ± 56 revertants; MMC (0.5 μg/pl.) for TA102; with S9: 2AA (1.0 μg/pl.) for TA97, 587 ± 11 revertants for TA98, 305 ± 1 revertants and for TA100, 1436 ± 40 revertants; B[a]P (50 μg/pl.) for TA102, 1448 ± 79 revertants and for TA1535 111 ± 10 revertants.