Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol Attenuates Methylglyoxal-Induced Oxidative Stress and Advanced Glycation End Product Formation in Human Kidney Cells

Figure 3

DPHC scavenges MGO-induced ROS in HEK cells. HEK cells were incubated with or without 40 μM DPHC for 1 h and then further incubated with or without 1 mM MGO for 24 h. (a) Intracellular ROS was measured using an oxidation-sensitive fluorescent probe dye (left panel) and quantified (right panel). Scale bar: 200 μm. (b) Alkyl radical scavenging was measured using ESR spectra. (c) HEK cells were incubated with 40 μM DPHC for 24 h. qRT-PCR was performed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 and 2, catalase (CAT), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase (NQO)1, glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCL)c, and GCLm. (d) HEK cells were incubated with or without 40 μM DPHC for 1 h and then further incubated with 1 mM MGO for 24 h. qRT-PCR was performed for GCLc and GCLm. , , and . n.s.: no significance.

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