Exposure to Ti4Al4V Titanium Alloy Leads to Redox Abnormalities, Oxidative Stress, and Oxidative Damage in Patients Treated for Mandible Fractures
Table 2
Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, antioxidant/oxidant status, and oxidative damage in the mandible (Man) of patients with titanium mandibular fixations and healthy controls.
Man
Control group
Study group
Mean
SD
Geometric mean
Lower 95% CI of mean
Upper 95% CI of mean
Mean
SD
Geometric mean
Lower 95% CI of mean
Upper 95% CI of mean
CAT nmol H2O2/min/mg protein
1.435
0.349
0.973
1.312
2.747
0.605∗
0.139
0.272
0.556
1.160
SOD mU/mg protein
136.500
20.240
119.400
129.375
265.875
282.000∗
44.750
175.200
266.247
548.247
GPx IU/mg protein
0.024
0.003
0.022
0.022
0.046
0.027
0.006
0.025
0.025
0.052
UA μg/mg protein
0.155
0.024
0.125
0.146
0.301
0.285∗
0.040
0.234
0.271
0.556
GSH μg/mg protein
1.496
0.299
1.178
1.391
2.887
1.121
0.242
0.810
1.036
2.157
TAC μmol/mg protein
67.420
9.123
57.140
64.209
131.629
252.700∗
35.150
204.000
240.327
493.027
TOS μmol H2O2 Equiv./mg protein
1.088
0.186
0.895
1.023
2.111
1.953
0.632
1.202
1.730
3.683
OSI %
1.956
0.406
1.441
1.813
3.769
1.188
0.337
1.340
1.069
2.257
FRAP μg/mg protein
20.100
3.496
11.540
18.869
38.969
28.660∗
4.034
22.820
27.240
55.900
AGE fluorescence/mg protein
91.410
13.390
77.730
86.697
178.107
197.500∗
22.010
174.400
189.752
387.252
AOPP μmol/mg protein
1.911
0.242
1.743
1.826
3.737
2.607∗
0.246
2.318
2.521
5.128
4-HNE μg/mg protein
234.900
43.450
210.700
219.605
454.505
405.000∗
42.540
377.300
390.025
795.025
8-OHdG pg/mg protein
52.340
8.200
46.890
49.454
101.794
71.160
11.740
64.010
67.027
138.187
Total protein mg/mL
3094.000
288.400
2964.000
2992.480
6086.480
1948.000∗
210.000
1145.000
1874.078
3822.078
4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; AGE: advanced glycation end products; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; CAT: catalase; FRAP: ferric reducing ability of plasma; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; Man: mandible; OSI: oxidative stress index; SOD: superoxide dismutase-1; TAC: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; UA: uric acid; statistical significance , study group versus control.
