Exposure to Ti4Al4V Titanium Alloy Leads to Redox Abnormalities, Oxidative Stress, and Oxidative Damage in Patients Treated for Mandible Fractures
Table 3
Enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants, antioxidant/oxidant status, and oxidative damage in the erythrocytes/plasma of patients with titanium mandibular fixations and healthy controls.
Erythrocytes/plasma
Control group
Study group
Mean
SD
Geometric mean
Lower 95% CI of mean
Upper 95% CI of mean
Mean
SD
Geometric mean
Lower 95% CI of mean
Upper 95% CI of mean
CAT nmol H2O2/min/mg protein
6.900
1.047
5.127
6.531
13.431
48.830∗
5.823
39.510
46.780
95.610
SOD mU/mg protein
153.600
7.930
149.600
150.809
304.409
154.800
11.270
145.500
150.833
305.633
GPx IU/mg protein
0.020
0.002
0.019
0.019
0.039
0.020
0.001
0.019
0.019
0.039
UA μg/mg protein
0.658
0.011
0.656
0.654
1.312
0.733∗
0.012
0.730
0.729
1.462
GSH μg/mg protein
0.687
0.178
0.517
0.625
1.312
0.463
0.044
0.410
0.447
0.910
TAC μmol/mg protein
49.570
7.384
44.020
46.971
96.541
37.680
6.483
26.780
35.398
73.078
TOS μmol H2O2 Equiv./mg protein
0.629
0.186
0.508
0.564
1.193
0.382
0.055
0.316
0.363
0.745
OSI %
1.318
0.282
1.128
1.219
2.537
1.902
0.551
1.181
1.708
3.610
FRAP μg/mg protein
13.580
3.186
11.750
12.458
26.038
10.990
3.239
6.285
9.850
20.840
AGE fluorescence/mg protein
526.000
30.420
507.700
515.292
1041.292
603.500
180.100
365.200
540.103
1143.603
AOPP umol/mg protein
0.497
0.049
0.452
0.479
0.976
0.506
0.054
0.439
0.487
0.994
4-HNE μg/mg protein
80.890
12.860
70.980
76.363
157.253
108.500
17.570
93.980
102.315
210.815
8-OHdG pg/mg protein
27.350
4.247
21.110
25.855
53.205
32.750∗
5.534
27.510
30.802
63.552
Total protein mg/mL
4444.000
109.400
4416.000
4405.490
8849.490
3445.000∗
213.300
2712.000
3369.916
6814.916
4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; AGE: advanced glycation end products; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; CAT: catalase; FRAP: ferric reducing ability of plasma; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; OSI: oxidative stress index; SOD: superoxide dismutase-1; TAC: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; UA: uric acid; statistical significance , study group versus control.
