SS-31 Provides Neuroprotection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury

Figure 2

Treatment with SS-31 alleviated the neural apoptosis. (a, b) The TUNEL assay was employed to analyze the apoptotic index 1 day after TBI. SS-31 treatment significantly reduced the percentage of apoptotic neurons. per group. (c) Western blot showed the pro- and antiapoptotic proteins in the contusion cortex. (d–f) Expression of the P53, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase 3 protein levels were normalized to the level of β-actin. P53 and cleaved caspase 3 were significantly decreased while the Bcl-2 protein level was increased in the TBI + SS-31 group compared with the vehicle group. per group. Scale bar 50 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SEM; versus the sham group; , versus the TBI + vehicle group.

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