Exendin-4 and Liraglutide Attenuate Glucose Toxicity-Induced Cardiac Injury through mTOR/ULK1-Dependent Autophagy

Figure 8

Effect of the mTOR activator 3-benzyl-5-((2-nitrophenoxy) methyl)-dihydrofuran-2(3H)-one (3BDO, 120 μM) on exendin-4- (Exe-) and liraglutide- (LIRA-) induced response against high glucose- (HG-) induced cardiomyocyte mechanical dysfunction in ventricular myocytes isolated from adult mouse hearts: (a) resting cell length; (b) peak shortening (PS); (c) maximal velocity of shortening (+dL/dt); (d) maximal velocity of relengthening (−dL/dt); (e) time-to-PS (TPS); (f) time-to-90% relengthening (TR₉₀). , cells per group, versus the NG group, versus the HG group, and versus the corresponding GLP-1 agonist-treated group.

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