Effects of High Consumption of Vegetables on Clinical, Immunological, and Antioxidant Markers in Subjects at Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases
Table 3
Clinical markers, thrombotic risk, and platelet activation.
High T0
High T4
Low T0
Low T4
Glucose mg/dl
90.3 ± 5.5
94.0 ± 7.4
89.6 ± 4.3
90.6 ± 6.8
Insulin μUI/ml
8.1 (5.4–11.8)
8.1 (5.0–9.4)
6.8 (5.0–9.4)
7.9 (5.3–10.5)
HOMA-IR
1.7 (1.1-2.6)
1.8 (1.1-2.1)
1.4 (1.0-1.9)
1.6 (1.1-2.3)
TC mg/dl
217.1 ± 35.8
217.3 ± 38.3
207.9 ± 41.0
204.8 ± 40.3
LDL mg/dl
140.1 ± 27.0
137.7 ± 28.9
127.9 ± 35.1
125.4 ± 33.7
HDL mg/dl
58.9 ± 8.1
60.5 ± 7.7
58.3 ± 8.5
57.3 ± 9.3
TG mg/dl
88 (65–104)
86 (73–100)
110 (64–161)
84 (69–176)
BR mg/dl
0.5 (0.4–0.6)
0.5 (0.4–0.7)
0.6 (0.3–0.7)
0.5 (0.3–0.6)
dir-BR mg/dl
0.12 (0.11–0.15)
0.12 (0.11–0.16)
0.14 (0.09–0.17)
0.13 (0.10–0.16)
ind-BR mg/dl
0.38 (0.29–0.49)
0.38 (0.31–0.54)
0.45 (0.21–0.55)
0.37 (0.23–0.47)
Proteins g/dl
6.8 ± 0.3
6.9 ± 0.1
6.8 ± 0.5
7.0 ± 0.4
Fibrinogen mg/dl
336.9 ± 39.7
340.9 ± 43.9
319.3 ± 43.3
325.2 ± 46.9
D-dimer ng/ml
323.7 (251.6–412.3)
288.5 (234.7–397.6)
277.3 (213.5–427.9)
320.2 (228.1–414.3)
Pt 10^3/microL
262 (223–288)
244 (212–293)
248 (219–301)
245 (220–336)
MPV fL
8.6 ± 0.9
8.6 ± 0.9
8.5 ± 0.7
8.4 ± 0.7
PDW %
16.3 ± 0.4
16.3 ± 0.4
16.3 ± 0.5
16.4 ± 0.5
PAC-1 R1
140.5 (49.1–226.3)
156.2 (135.7–187.8)
122.6 (98.5–255.1)
199.8 (151.1–291.1)
PAC-1 R1 AA
159.4 (48.8–174.4)
155.7 (147.1–212.7)
151.8 (62.9–193.2)
206.2 (129.9–256.0)
PAC-1 R2
234.2 (34.9–373.7)
138.2 (99.8–187.5)
277.5 (68.2–411.8)
260.1 (183.1–296.8)
PAC-1 R2 AA
213.8 ± 150.7
132.5 ± 78.3
215.6 ± 124.2
169.0 ± 98.9
Values at baseline (high T0 and low T0) and 4 weeks after high (4200 g/week) or low (800 g/week) vegetable consumption. Data are expressed as mean ± SD (normality test passed; ANOVA applied) or median (25%, 75%) (normality test failed; Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA on ranks applied). Pt: platelets; MPV: mean platelet volume; PDW: platelet distribution width; PAC-1 expression was measured after ex-vivo platelets’ activation (AA: arachidonic acid; R1 and R2 gates are depicted in Figure 2); TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; UA: uric acid.
