Sulforaphane Delays Fibroblast Senescence by Curbing Cellular Glucose Uptake, Increased Glycolysis, and Oxidative Damage

Table 1

Gene expression changes in senescence of MRC-5 fibroblasts in vitro corrected by treatment with sulforaphane (transcriptomics analysis).

No.	Gene ID	Name	value	ΔLog2 expression	Comment
1	NPY	Pro-neuropeptide Y	0.022	6.50	Regulates cell cycle, proliferation.
2	TRIM63	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	0.012	5.26	Promotes ubiquitination and degradation of misfolded proteins.
3	BANK1	B-cell scaffold protein with ankyrin repeats	0.003	3.53	Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
4	LRRC69	Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 69	0.005	2.97	Unknown function.
5	PPP1R3G	Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G	0.013	2.78	Stimulates glycogen synthase activity.
6	TMEM47	Transmembrane protein 47	0.044	2.69	Senescence associated gene.
7	SLC14A1	Urea transporter 1	0.009	2.57	Facilitates transmembrane urea transport down a concentration gradient.
8	DAP	Death-associated protein 1	0.048	2.49	Negative regulator of autophagy
9	INA	Alpha-internexin	0.031	2.18	Intermediate filament protein.
10	GMFG	Glia maturation factor gamma	0.007	2.08	Target of senescence-associated microRNA, hsa-miR-369-5P.
11	MATN3	Matrilin-3	0.037	1.97	Extracellular matrix protein
12	PSG1	Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1	0.040	1.96	Senescence-associated protein.
13	DAAM2	Disheveled-associated activator of morphogenesis 2	0.028	1.95	Regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway.
14	PDK2	Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isoenzyme 2	0.038	1.73	Linked to increased glycolysis in senescence.
15	SORT1	Sortilin 1	0.035	1.69	Sorting receptor in the Golgi compartment and clearance receptor on the cell surface.
16	PSG9	Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein 9	0.048	1.68	Senescence associated protein.
17	MAP7D3	MAP7 domain-containing protein 3	0.049	1.66	Promotes the assembly and stability of microtubules.
18	GPC4	Glypican-4	0.016	1.60	Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan involved in Wnt signaling.
19	KCTD12	Pfetin	0.016	1.58	Potassium channel protein.
20	UHMK1	Serine/threonine-protein kinase Kist	0.007	1.50	Controls CDKN1B subcellular location and cell cycle progression in the G1 phase.
21	RCAN3	Calcipressin-3	0.039	1.44	Negative regulator of calcineurin-linked transcriptional regulation.
22	PDP2	Mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase-phosphatase 2	0.031	1.34	Drives mitochondrial dysfunction in senescence.
23	MALSU1	Mitochondrial assembly of ribosomal large subunit protein 1	0.049	1.33	Involved in mitochondrial ribosome function and mitochondrial translation.
24	UFD1L	Ubiquitin recognition factor in ER-associated degradation protein 1	0.038	1.25	Upregulated in stress-induced senescence.
25	HLA-E	HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, α-chain E	0.002	1.25	Senescent fibroblast marker.
26	NDST2	Bifunctional heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase 2	0.016	1.23	Involved in biosynthesis of heparan sulfate.
27	ZMAT2	Zinc finger matrin-type protein 2	0.001	1.09	Regulated by sirtuin-1.
28	MUC1	Mucin-1	0.015	1.06	Transmembrane glycoprotein participating in growth factor receptor signaling.
29	CTBS	Di-N-acetylchitobiase (EC 3.2.1.-)	0.037	1.04	Involved in the degradation of asparagine-linked glycoproteins
30	ABTB2	Ankyrin repeat and BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 2	0.002	0.99	Substrate adaptor for cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase; may increase Nrf2 degradation in senescence.
31	LYNX1	Ly-6/neurotoxin-like protein 1	0.024	0.85	Negative regulator of nicotinic receptor signaling.
32	DNAJC19	Mitochondrial import inner membrane translocase subunit TIM14	0.008	0.82	Mitochondrial co-chaperone.
33	COL4A3BP	Collagen type IV alpha-3-binding protein	0.001	0.81	Controls mitochondrial fission, fusion, dysfunction, and mitophagy.
34	TMEM165	Transmembrane protein 165	0.014	0.80	Target of miR-181a in fibroblast senescence.
35	TAX1BP1	Tax1-binding protein 1	0.011	0.76	Ubiquitin-binding adaptor protein; negative regulation of the NF-κB.
36	HSD11B1L	Hydroxysteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase 1-like protein	0.004	0.75	Involved in glucocorticoid metabolism.
37	TMX2	Thioredoxin-related transmembrane protein 2	0.045	0.66	Disulfide isomerase enriched on the mitochondria-associated membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
38	ZNF525	Zinc finger protein 525	0.045	0.65	May be involved in transcriptional regulation.

Genes listed had expression changes between passages 3 and 11 in MRC-5 fibroblasts which were corrected by SFN treatment. Gene expression changes are rank-ordered by log₂ expression change (highest to lowest). values are with Bonferroni-correction applied.