Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance
Table 1
Effect of NAC supplementation on body weight, fasting plasma glucose, insulin concentration HOMA-IR, food intake, unstimulated and stimulated saliva secretion, protein concentration, and salivary gland weight.
C () M (min–max)
C + NAC () M (min–max)
HFD () M (min–max)
HFD + NAC () M (min–max)
Final body weight (g)
282 (260–298)
286 (261–319)
345 (326–364)
305 (250–304)
Glucose (mg/dL)
89 (86–93)
95 (92–97)
145 (130–161)
95 (87–99)∗
Insulin (mIU/mL)
79.70 (29.3–92.36)
80.48 (42.22–96.96)
166.42 (158.2–176.88)
61.25 (39.55–81.18)
HOMA-IR
3.64 (1.87–6.15)
5.67 (2.45–6.25)
19.60 (15.45–21.05)
4.33 (2.54–5.10)
Food intake (mg/day/rat)
17.68 (16.43–18.45)
16.92 (15.98–19.23)
11.82 (10.01–13.63)
12.25 (10.21–13.89)
Energy from chow (MJ/day/rat)
0.16 (0.15–0.18)
0.15 (0.14–0.19)
0.26 (0.22–0.29)
0.27 (0.22–0.30)∗∗
NS (μL/min)
0.43 (0.41–0.58)
0.43 (0.40–0.51)
0.40 (0.25–0.55)
0.46 (0.30–0.50)
SS (μL/min)
109.67 (104.58–121.37)
91.84 (82.20–102.8)
68.60 (56.38–70.40)
115.25 (96.67–152.63)
Parotid weight (mg)
76.22 (74.10–79.90)
79.52 (72.90–87.60)
99.46 (91.00–112.10)
92.55 (81.10–112.20)
Submandibular weight (mg)
211.64 (184.10–240.20)
208.52 (192.60–222.90)
250.04 (216.40–273.00)
264.38 (221.90–304.20)
C: control rats; C + NAC: control rats + N-acetylcysteine; HFD: high-fat fed rats; HFD + NAC: high-fat fed rats + N-acetylcysteine; HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; NS: nonstimulated saliva secretion; SS: stimulated saliva secretion: M (min–max): median (minimum–maximum). HFD and HFD + NAC; HFD and C; HFD + NAC and C.