Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance
Table 3
Effect of NAC supplementation on parotid glands SOD, CAT, and Px activities and GSH, TAS, TOS, OSI, 8-OHdG, AOPP, 4-HNE protein adduct, AGE, and total protein concentrations.
Parotid glands
C () M (min–max)
C + NAC () M (min–max)
HFD () M (min–max)
HFD + NAC () M (min–max)
SOD (mU/mg of protein)
0.62 (0.44–1.17)
0.37 (0.33–0.42)
0.29 (0.18–0.31)
0.57 (0.36–0.68)
CAT (nmol H2O2/min/mg of protein)
0.81 (0.59–0.97)
0.84 (0.53–1.13)
0.76 (0.09–1.09)
1.26 (1.2–1.74),
Px (μU/mg of protein)
55.7 (51.4–59.5)
34.5 (25.5–60.6)
37.4 (33.5–39.6)
52.9 (46.7–55.9)
GSH (ng/mg of protein)
0.94 (0.95–0.99)
1.12 (0.70–1.55)
0.73 (0.52–0.88)
1.18 (0.86–1.73)
TAS (μmol/mg of protein)
0.67 (0.65–0.99)
0.65 (0.53–0.82)
0.32 (0.27–0.49)
0.92 (0.66–1.13)
TOS (μmol/mg of protein)
1.30 (0.76–1.78)
0.69 (0.36–0.98)
2.24 (1.98–2.54)
1.25 (0.47–1.67)
OSI
192.9 (116.0–258.0)
114.3 (44.0–172.0)
536.9 (403.6–620.6)
165.8 (68.0–366.3)
8-OHdG (pg/mg of protein)
1.47 (1.31–1.58)
1.19 (0.89–1.39)
1.91 (1.80–1.99)
1.53 (1.16–1.57)
AOPP (nmol/mg of protein)
10.0 (6.2–12.4)
9.6 (1.7–12.8)
23.4 (18.0–34.1)
11.64 (7.90–14.6)
4-HNE protein adduct (μg/mg of protein)
10.70 (2.16–18.9)
5.70 (1.59–10.54)
50.7 (30.4–57.3)
1.78 (0.34–2.91)
AGE (fluorescence/mg of protein)
0.41 (0.36–0.46)
0.38 (0.28–0.53)
0.41 (0.35–0.52)
0.48 (0.44–0.52)
Protein (μg/mL)
4419 (4054–4889)
3654 (3348–4031)
3324 (3000–3828)
3292.52 (2930.30–3457.30)
C: control rats; C + NAC: control rats + N-acetylcysteine; HFD: high-fat fed rats; HFD + NAC: high-fat fed rats + N-acetylcysteine; M: median; min: minimum; max: maximum; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; Px: peroxidase; GSH: reduced glutathione; TAS: total antioxidant status; TOS: total oxidant status; OSI: oxidative status index; 8-OHdG: 8-hydroxy-d-guanosine; AOPP: advanced oxidation protein products; 4-HNE protein adduct: 4 hydroxynonenal protein adduct; AGE: advanced glycation end products. HFD and HFD + NAC; C + NAC and C; HFD and C; HFD + NAC and C.
