Defatted Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Seed Meal and Its Phenolic-Saponin-Rich Extract Protect Hypercholesterolemic Rats against Oxidative Stress and Systemic Inflammation via Transcriptional Modulation of Hepatic Antioxidant Genes

Table 4

Circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein and proinflammatory biomarkers after 10 weeks of dietary intervention.

Rat groups	oxLDL (ng/mL)	TNF-α (pg/mL)	IL-6 (pg/mL)	CRP (μg/mL)
NC	26.90 ± 2.29	20.75 ± 3.86	3.08 ± 0.18	798.42 ± 55.95
AD	35.90 ± 3.71^#	83.00 ± 19.08^#	4.22 ± 0.20^#	1018.56 ± 155.09^#
DKSM-Low	21.49 ± 0.83^#	46.75 ± 7.72^#	3.66 ± 0.25	749.31 ± 42.60
DKSM-High	15.35 ± 2.85^#	45.25 ± 9.78^#	2.81 ± 0.40	624.41 ± 42.07^#
PSRE-Low	23.79 ± 1.72	50.50 ± 8.39^#	3.23 ± 0.30	727.67 ± 67.66
PSRE-High	16.81 ± 1.34^#	33.00 ± 2.00	3.44 ± 0.88	725.22 ± 54.81
Statin	20.85 ± 5.64^#	52.50 ± 6.56^#	3.92 ± 0.68^#	683.39 ± 77.96

Symbol “” within the same column indicates significant difference in comparison to the AD group (); symbol “#” within the same column indicates significant difference in comparison to the NC group (); abbreviations: oxLDL: oxidized low-density lipoprotein; TNF-α: tumour necrosis factor-alpha; IL-6: interleukin 6; CRP: C-reactive protein.