Toxic Effects of Trazodone on Male Reproductive System via Disrupting Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis and Inducing Testicular Oxidative Stress

Figure 4

(A–D) High magnification of seminiferous tubules. (A) Intact structure of germinal epithelium in control rats. (B) Irregularity of basement membrane () and vacuolation in Sertoli cells (arrowhead) in 5 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats. (C) Detachment of basement membrane (), deformation in Sertoli cells (arrowhead), and vacuolar degeneration (arrow) in germinal epithelium 10 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats. (D) Disintegration of germinal epithelium (), desquamation of cells into the lumen (arrow), and necrosis in Sertoli cells and neighbouring germ cells (), degenerating cells showing nuclear pyknosis (arrowhead) in 20 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats. (a–d) High magnification of Leydig cells. (a) Normal morphological integrity of Leydig cells in control rats. (b) Slight vacuolation and deformation in Leydig cells (arrowhead) in 5 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats. (c) Intense vacuolation and deformation in Leydig cells (arrowhead) in 10 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats. (d) Complete deformation (arrowhead) and lysis (arrow) of Leydig cells in 20 mg/kg trazodone-administered rats.