Research Article
Protocatechuic Acid Attenuates Trabecular Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice
Figure 4
Effect of PCA on the trabecular bone in OVX mice. After obtaining the 3-dimensional image shown in Figure 3(b), changes in the following parameters of the trabecular bone were analyzed: (a) bone volume fraction (BV/TV), (b) trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), (c) trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), (d) trabecular number (Tb.N), (e) trabecular bone pattern factor (Tb.Pf), (f) specific bone surface (BS/BV), (g) structure model index (SMI), and (h) bone mineral density (BMD). The results are expressed as mean ± SD (each group, ). between the sham and OVX-alone group. among OVX groups with or without interventions. among OVX groups with interventions. E2: 17β-estradiol; OVX: ovariectomized; PCA: protocatechuic acid.
(a) |
(b) |
(c) |
(d) |
(e) |
(f) |
(g) |
(h) |