Review Article

Therapeutic Potential of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma against Human Diseases Based on Activation of Nrf2-Mediated Antioxidant Defense System: Bioactive Constituents and Mechanism of Action

Table 1

Chemical constituents with Nrf2-inducing activity.

Structural typeNoName of compoundsNrf2-inducing activityCell or animal modelsRef

Diterpenoid quinones1Tanshindiol B6.80-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
217-Hydroxycryptotanshinone3.97-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
3Isotanshinone IIA6.45-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
4Trijuganone A4.31-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
5Tanshinone IIB5.34-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
6Przewaquinone A6.01-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
7Przewaquinone B7.27-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
81-Ketoisocryptotanshinone5.65-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
915,16-Dihydrotanshinone I3.38-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
4.80 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein levelMDA-MB-231 cells[40]
Induction of Nrf2, NQO1, and γ-GCS protein levelsHuman dermal fibroblasts.[41]
101,2,15,16-Tetrahydrotanshinone I4.37-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
11Cryptotanshinone3.61-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
5.07 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein levelMDA-MB-231 cells[40]
Induction of ARE-luciferase activityHep G2 cells[26]
12Tanshinone I2.60-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
5.90 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein levelMDA-MB-231 cells[40]
Upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLMSH-SY5Y cells[42, 43]
Induction of ARE-luciferase activityHep G2 cells[26]
Induction of Nrf2, NQO1, and γ-GCS protein levelsHuman dermal fibroblasts[41]
13RO-0906803.06-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
14Methylenetanshinquinone2.77-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
151,2-Didehydromilitirone3.79-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
1.04 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
16Tanshinone IIA2.58-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
5.10 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
Upregulation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 protein levelsJB6 cells[44]
Induction of ARE luciferase and upregulation of Nrf2 protein levelMDA-MB-231 cells[40]
Upregulation of Nrf2, NOQ-1, HO-1, GCLC, and GCLM protein levelsHuman aortic smooth muscle cells.[45]
Induction of ARE-luciferase activity and upregulation of mRNA levels of GCLC, NQO1, and HO-1Hepa G2 cells[26]
Induction of Nrf2 and upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of HO-1, NQO1, and GCLCSH-SY5Y cells[46]
17Miltirone3.32-fold induction of ARE luciferase activityHEK 293 T cells[38]
0.92 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
Enhancement of Nrf2 translocation and upregulation mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1EA.hy926 cells[47]
1817-Hydroxycryptotanshinone4.85 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
191-Oxomiltirone0.40 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
204-Methylenemiltirone0.46 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]
211,2-Dihydrotanshinone I5.40 μM for 2-fold induction of QR activityHepa 1c1c7 cells[39]

Phenolic acids22DanshensuUpregulation of mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2Rat heart[48]
23Rosmarinic acidUpregulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levelRat cochlea[49]
24Salvianolic acid AInduction of mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1RPE cells[50, 51]
25Salvianolic acid BInduction of Nrf2 and HO-1Rat lung tissue[52]
Induction of Nrf2 protein levelRat primary neurons[53]
Induction of Nrf2, HO-1, and GCLC protein levelsHepa G2 cells[54]