Biotoxicological Analyses of Trimeroside from Baccharis trimera Using a Battery of In Vitro Test Systems
Table 4
Frequency of micronuclei (MN), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB), nuclear buds (NBUD), nuclear division index (NDI), binucleated cells (BN), and apoptotic and necrotic cells of CBMN-cyt assay in HepG2 cell culture treated with trimeroside (mean ± SD).
Parameters
Treatments
Negative control
Trimeroside (mg·mL−1)
Positive control
0.25
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
Cell proliferation (in 1000 cells)
NDI
1.78 ± 0.04
1.77 ± 0.08
1.72 ± 0.01
1.74 ± 0.07
1.68 ± 0.07
1.66 ± 0.02
1.47 ± 0.08
BN cells
664.25 ± 54.39
659.00 ± 51.91
662.25 ± 35.81
633.50 ± 36.09
635.25 ± 75.74
615.50 ± 21.62
439.6 ± 73.28
DNA damage (in 1000 BN cells)
MN
19.94 ± 2.85
20.29 ± 4.34
14.69 ± 1.61
20.76 ± 3.18
16.36 ± 3.04
15.65 ± 4.42
54.52 ± 16.65
NPB
2.49 ± 0.88
4.83 ± 2.85
4.14 ± 2.03
6.19 ± 2.13
8.23 ± 7.70
4.30 ± 2.48
13.53 ± 6.58
NBUD
4.69 ± 1.70
6.93 ± 2.87
3.93 ± 2.16
5.33 ± 0.56
5.48 ± 1.71
4.13 ± 1.53
17.09 ± 6.74
Cell death (in 1000 cells)
Apoptosis
1.66 ± 1.26
0.38 ± 0.48
0.25 ± 0.50
0.12 ± 0.23
0.34 ± 0.64
0.42 ± 0.50
11.47 ± 9.72
Necrosis
6.95 ± 3.47
5.29 ± 1.82
3.01 ± 1.94
3.81 ± 1.62
5.03 ± 3.19
3.44 ± 1.72
7.66 ± 4.99
Significantly different in relation to the negative control ;;; (ANOVA, Tukey test). DMSO (0.5%); benzo[a]pyrene (2 μM).
