|
Effects | Polyphenol | Model | Mechanisms | Ref. |
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Inhibition of HSC activation | Apigenin | In vitro HSCs | Upregulating C1QTNF2 expression | [107] |
EGCG | In vitro HSCs & thioacetamide-treated animal | Upregulating miR-221 to accelerate osteopontin degradation | [108] |
Quercetin | Rats with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Activation of MMPs and regulating profibrogenic/antifibrogenic molecules balance | [109] |
Icaritin | In vitro HSC-T6 and LX-2 HSC lines & rats with CCl4 or CBDL-induced fibrosis | Dependent on mitochondrial-activated apoptosis | [110] |
Curcumin | In vitro HSCs & animal model | Suppressing membrane translocation and gene expression of GLUT2; inhibiting PPARγ via regulation of DLK1 protein partly mediated by interruption of Shh signaling pathway | [111, 112] |
Resveratrol | Rats with N′-nitrosodimethylamine-induced liver fibrosis | Relieving oxidative damage | [113] |
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Induce HSC apoptosis | Hyperoside | In vitro human LX-2 HSCs | Inhibiting the DNA-binding activity of NF-κB and altered genes related to apoptosis | [125] |
Morin | In vitro HSCs | Suppressing canonical NF-κB signaling | |
Gallic acid | In vitro HSCs | Regulating TNF-α signaling pathway | [114] |
Quercetin | In vitro HSCs | Dependent on activation of ER stress | [115] |
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Inhibit proliferation and profibrogenesis-related genes in HSCs | Chrysin | Mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Suppressing TGF-β1/Smad pathway | [116] |
Tricin | In vitro human HSC line LI90 | Blocking tyrosine phosphorylation of PDGF receptor | [117] |
Chlorogenic acid | In vitro HSCs & CCl4-treated rats | Improving antioxidant capacity via activation of Nrf2 pathway and suppressing profibrotic action via inhibition of NOX/ROS/MAPK pathway | [118] |
Luteolin | In vitro rat HSCs and HSC-T6 cells & rat models induced by CCl4, DMN, and BDL | Increasing caspase 3 activity and p53 expression; inducing G1 arrest with the decreased expression of bcl-2, cyclin E, and p-Cdk-2; suppressing PDGF and TGF1-simulated phosphorylation of AKT and Smad pathway | [126] |
Resveratrol | In vitro human LX-2 HSCs & mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Suppressing the activation of NF-κB and Akt | [119] |
EGCG | In vitro HSC LX-2 & BDL rats | Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Smad pathway | [120] |
Wogonoside | In vitro HSC T6 cells & mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K | [121] |
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Attenuate liver injury and antifibrosis | Morin | Rats with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and fibrogenic markers | [122] |
Chlorogenic acid | Rats with CCl4-induced fibrosis | Inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway | [123] |
Curcumin | Mice with type 2 diabetes mellitus | Suppressing the AGEs-mediated induction of RAGE gene expression by increasing PPARγ and stimulating GSH | [124] |
Total flavonoids of Astmgali Radix | Rats with fibrosis | Regulating PPAR signal pathway and the interaction with FXR | [127] |
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