Citrus aurantium Naringenin Prevents Osteosarcoma Progression and Recurrence in the Patients Who Underwent Osteosarcoma Surgery by Improving Antioxidant Capability

Table 2

Baseline characters of osteosarcoma patients.


	Naringenin group ()	Control group ()	values

Age, years	23.6 ± 12.7	24.3 ± 12.1	0.21
Gender, male/female	27/20	29/19	0.77
Smoking, n (%)	19 (40.4)	21 (43.8)	0.74
Alcoholic intake, n (%)	17 (36.2)	18 (37.5)	0.89
Body mass index, kg/m²	25.6 ± 6.9	24.9 ± 7.2	0.14
Osteosarcoma types
Intramedullary osteosarcoma	39 (83.0)	38 (79.2)	0.64
Juxtacortical osteosarcoma	7 (14.9)	8 (16.7)	0.81
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma	1 (21.3)	1 (41.7)	1.00
Osteosarcoma grades
G1, n (%)	8 (17)	7 (14.6)	0.75
G2, n (%)	9 (19.1)	10 (20.8)	0.84
G3, n (%)	22 (46.8)	24 (50)	0.76
G4, n (%)	8 (17)	7 (14.6)	0.75
Osteosarcoma volume
Before surgery	248.7 ± 124.3 c.c.	260.5 ± 113.7 c.c.	0.13
After surgery	3.9 ± 3.9 c.c.	3.5 ± 3.5 c.c.	0.24
Chemotherapy, n (%)	35 (74.5)	33 (68.8)	0.77
Resection length, cm	13.4 ± 5.9	12.7 ± 6.2	0.25
Stem diameter, cm	11.7 ± 3.6	10.5 ± 4.3	0.16
Site
Cancer treatment types
Osteosarcoma surgery	47 (100)	48 (100)	1.00
Chemotherapy	47 (100)	48 (100)	1.00
Radiotherapy	5 (10.6)	6 (12.5)	0.78
Rehabilitation and supportive care	47 (100)	48 (100)	1.00
Femur, n (%)	31 (66)	30 (62.5)	0.73
Tibia, n (%)	12 (25.5)	11 (22.9)	0.77
Others, n (%)	4 (8.5)	7 (14.6)	0.36
Histologic type
Osteoblastic, n (%)	20 (42.6)	18 (37.5)	0.62
Chondroblastic, n (%)	14 (29.8)	17 (35.4)	0.56
Fibroblastic, n (%)	9 (19.1)	8 (16.7)	0.75
Others, n (%)	4 (8.5)	5 (10.4)	0.97
Differentiation status
High, n (%)	31 (66)	33 (68.8)	0.71
Low, n (%)	16 (34)	15 (31.3)	0.77
Pulmonary metastasis, n (%)	4 (8.5)	5 (10.4)	0.97