Resveratrol Decreases Oxidative Stress by Restoring Mitophagy and Improves the Pathophysiology of Dystrophin-Deficient mdx Mice

Figure 2

Effects of resveratrol on mitophagy, autophagy, and ROS levels in the muscle of mdx mice. (a) Expression levels of mitophagy- and autophagy-related genes in the quadriceps muscle from untreated mdx mice and mdx mice treated with resveratrol (RSV) at 0.04, 0.4, and 4 g/kg food (RSV-0.04, RSV-0.4, and RSV-4, respectively). in each group. (b) Western blot analysis for ubiquitinated proteins in the quadriceps. (c) Representative Western blots for LC3 in the muscle tissue (left) and summary data of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio (right). in each group. (d) Representative Western blot for p62 in muscle (left) and summary data of p62 normalized to the GAPDH level (right). in each group. (e) Representative dihydroethidium (DHE) staining in the quadriceps (upper) and summary data of DHE fluorescence intensity (lower). Six randomly selected images were captured in each muscle section, and 4 mice were analyzed in each group. Scale bar: 50 μm. ; . NS: not significant.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)