Guarana (Paullinia cupana) Extract Protects Caenorhabditis elegans Models for Alzheimer Disease and Huntington Disease through Activation of Antioxidant and Protein Degradation Pathways

Table 2

Effect of guarana hydroalcoholic extract (GHE) treatment on β-amyloid induced paralysis of CL4176 and CL2006 strains.

Strains and condition	Mean paralysis time (hours ± SEM)	% mean paralysis time variation versus control	value (log rank) versus control^a	^b
CL4176 on E. coli OP50
Control	28.27 ± 0.38			79 (3)
10 mg/mL GHE	29.49 ± 0.10	4.3	<0.0001	58 (3)
50 mg/mL GHE	29.53 ± 0.10	4.4	<0.0001	45 (3)
CL2006 on E. coli OP50
Control	6.28 ± 0.13
10 mg/mL GHE	7.93 ± 0.16	26.2	<0.0001	91 (0)
50 mg/mL GHE	7.68 ± 0.13	22.3	<0.0001	92 (3)
10 mg/mL dGHE	7.65 ± 0.13	21.8	<0.0001	88 (0)
50 mg/mL dGHE	7.41 ± 0.14	17.0	<0.0001	80 (1)
CL2006 on control(RNAi)
Control	7.39 ± 0.13
10 mg/mL GHE	8.56 ± 0.14	15.8	<0.0001	89 (2)
50 mg/mL GHE	9.09 ± 0.13	23.0	<0.0001	90 (1)
CL2006 on hsf-1(RNAi)
Control	8.12 ± 0.14			85 (3)
10 mg/mL GHE	9.24 ± 0.12	13.8	<0.0001	95 (3)
50 mg/mL GHE	9.22 ± 0.14	13.5	<0.0001	87 (3)
CL2006 on daf-16(RNAi)
Control	6.82 ± 0.13			91 (3)
10 mg/mL GHE	6.90 ± 0.15	1.2	0.4369	89 (3)
50 mg/mL GHE	7.74 ± 0.14	13.5	<0.0001	90 (3)
CL2006 on skn-1(RNAi)
Control	6.94 ± 0.28			78 (3)
10 mg/mL GHE	7.21 ± 0.27	3.5	0.3500	73 (3)
50 mg/mL GHE	8.16 ± 0.23	17.6	0.0021	79 (3)
CL2006 on skn-1(RNAi);daf-16(RNAi)
Control	7.16 ± 0.12			87 (3)
10 mg/mL GHE	7.34 ± 0,12	3.2	0.3647	92 (3)
50 mg/mL GHE	8.07 ± 0.15	12.7	<0.0001	88 (4)

^aComparisons were performed using log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test. ^bTotal number of animals analyzed. The number in parentheses indicates the number of independent trials.