Enhanced Oxidative Damage and Nrf2 Downregulation Contribute to the Aggravation of Periodontitis by Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 3

Diabetes enhanced the protein expression levels of 3-NT, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG in ligature-induced periodontal lesions. (a) Representative figures from anti-3-NT, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG immunohistochemical staining of alveolar sections from the C, D, P, and DP groups (NC: negative control). (b–d) Quantitative analysis of 3-NT, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG expression in the periodontal area. Scale bar = 100 μm; original magnification ×400. Diabetes increased the serum MDA level and decreased serum SOD activity in periodontitis. Quantitative analysis of MDA expression (e) and SOD activity (f) among the indicated groups. NS: nonsignificantly different from the C group; : significantly different from the C group; versus the D group. (C: no treatment; P: experimentally induced periodontitis; D: experimentally induced diabetes mellitus; DP: experimentally induced diabetes and periodontitis.)

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