Research Article
5-Azacytidine and Resveratrol Enhance Chondrogenic Differentiation of Metabolic Syndrome-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Modulating Autophagy
Figure 2
Effectiveness of chondrogenic differentiation. Prior to experiments, cells were pretreated with AZA/RES for 24 hours, then the experimental medium was replaced by osteogenic differentiation medium. Cells were cultured in that medium for five days and after were subjected to further analysis. In order to investigate proliferative activity of cells, BrdU assay was performed (a). Expression of chondrogenesis-related genes, including vimentin (b), decorin (c), COMP (d), and SOX-9 (e) was analyzed by RT-PCR. Cells in culture were visualized using light microscope, safranin staining, SEM, and confocal microscope (F-actin) (f). Scale bars: brightfield: 250 μM, confocal 500 μM. Results expressed as . Statistical significance indicated as an asterisk () when comparing the result to ASCEMS and as a number sign (#) when comparing to ASCCTRL. # and ; ## and .
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