A Protective Role of the NRF2-Keap1 Pathway in Maintaining Intestinal Barrier Function

Table 1

The roles of Nrf2 in the protection of intestinal barrier in various disease models.

Model	The effect of activating Nrf2	Reference
S. typhimurium infection	Oxidative stress and colitis decreased.	Theiss et al. [11]
Dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model	Numbers of aberrant crypt foci decreased, and colonic proinflammatory cytokine, myeloperoxidase activity, 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, and lipid peroxidation decreased. Aconitase activity increased.	Osburn et al. [12]
Burn-injured model	Damage of gut structure, intestinal permeability, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, intercellular adhesion molecule, and vascular cell adhesion molecule) decreased. NAD(P)H dehydrogenasequinine-1 and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit increased.	Chen et al. [17]
Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury model	Mucosal 15-F2t-isoprostane was reduced. Endogenous antioxidant superoxide dismutase activity was elevated.	Han et al. [14]
Rat liver transplantation model	HO-1 expression was elevated. Tight junction function was restored.	Chi et al. [15]
Traumatic brain injury model	Apoptosis-mediated intestinal epithelial cell damage was diminished. Intestinal permeability was improved.	Liu et al. [19]
Aspirin/NSAID-induced vascular damage model	NSAID-induced vascular permeability was reduced. Mucosal MPO activity increased. Anaerobic enterobacterial count decreased.	Yanaka et al. [16]
Severe sepsis model	Injuries caused by oxidative stress and inflammation were alleviated. HMGB1 levels was reduced, but HO-1 levels increased.	Yu et al. [18]