Potential of Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants to Prevent Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-cells

Figure 3

Effect of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on MitoSOX responses to mitochondrial matrix-released superoxide. Color code: all red or red stripes (even bars): UCP2-silenced INS-1E cells; other (odd bars): INS-1E cells transfected with miRNA of a scrambled sequence; green or green-edge bars: 1 nmol·l^-1 SkQ1; downward diagonal stripes: 20 μmol·l^-1 rotenone. Relative rates for superoxide release to the mitochondrial matrix in INS-1E cells were normalized to those rates induced by rotenone at 25 mmol·l^-1 glucose in “control” cells transfected with scrambled miRNA. Agents were added at the beginning of 20 min confocal microscopy time-lapsed monitoring. Data in (c) were measured in the presence of 1 μmol·l^-1 EIPA or 40 μmol·l^-1 TTFA as indicated. The error bars represent the standard deviation of 3–9 measurements. ANOVA in (a), (b) – 9, and (c) –5: ; .

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(b)

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