Artemether Activation of AMPK/GSK3β(ser9)/Nrf2 Signaling Confers Neuroprotection towards β-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity in 3xTg Alzheimer’s Mouse Model

Figure 11

Artemether stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK/GSK3β(ser9) and increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the brain cortex of 3xTg-AD mice. Artemether was administered to mice by intraperitoneal injection, once a day, at low doses of 5 mg/kg and high doses of 20 mg/kg for 4 weeks. Thereafter, the brain cortex extracts of wild-type (WT) compared to 3xTg-AD mice treated with either a low (Arte low) or high dose (Arte high) of Artemether or untreated (3xTg) were submitted for analyses. (a) Phosphorylations of AMPK/GSK3β(ser9) and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1); three mice per treatment group were used for western blot. (b–e) Quantitation of western blotting results of the different experimental groups. , , and were considered significantly different.

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