Verapamil Attenuated Prediabetic Neuropathy in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice through Inhibiting TXNIP-Mediated Apoptosis and Inflammation

Figure 6

The distribution and location of TXNIP in palmitate-treated neurons. (a) The distribution of TXNIP in the nucleus, cytosol, and mitochondria after treating neurons with palmitate-BSA for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The expressions were analyzed by western blotting. The target protein expressions relative to GAPDH expression were displayed on the right. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and each value represents mean ± SD. ; . (b) The distribution of TXNIP in neurons after treating with palmitate-BSA for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h, which was detected under the fluorescence microscope. (c) The interaction of TXNIP with TRX1-Cyto, TRX2-Mito, and NLRP3-Cyto, the interaction of TRX1 with ASK1-Cyto, and the interaction of TRX2 with ASK1-Mito were determined by co-IP analysis after treating with palmitate-BSA for 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The target protein expressions relative to input were displayed below. The experiments were performed in triplicate, and each value represents mean ± SD. ; .

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