Hydrogen Sulfide: Emerging Role in Bladder, Kidney, and Prostate Malignancies

Table 1

Summary of H₂S and its producing enzymes in three common urinary cancers.

	H2S highlights
Urothelial carcinoma	(i) Expressions of H2S and its synthases are higher in cancer tissue [111].; (ii) H2S protects the bladder cancer against apoptosis [112].; (iii) H2S increases the cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of bladder cancer [113].
Renal cell carcinoma	(i) Enhanced expression of H2S in ccRCC due to VHL deficiency improves the survival, growth, and metastasis [79].; (ii) Controversial reports about the comparative expression of H2S enzymes [95, 121].; (iii) H2S contributes to the induction of apoptosis in RCC [121].
Prostate cancer	(i) H2S enzymes are expressed in the prostate [107].; (ii) CSE is the main H2S-producing enzyme in the prostate [107, 139, 142].; (iii) CSE is downregulated in prostate cancer [140].