Maternal Diet-Induced Obesity Compromises Oxidative Stress Status and Angiogenesis in the Porcine Placenta by Upregulating Nox2 Expression

Figure 4

Maternal high-energy feeding decreased ATP levels and mitochondrial biogenesis in the placenta. ATP levels were normalized to the total protein level (a). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, followed by Tamhane’s T2 test. Mitochondrial biogenesis was estimated by citrate synthase activity (b), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number (c), NAD⁺ (d), NADH (e), and the ratio of NAD⁺/NADH (f). Complex I (g) and complex III (h) activities were normalized to the total protein level. The relative mRNA expression levels of β-F1-ATP (i), COXIV (j), NRF1 (k), and Cytc (l) were measured by qPCR. Values are (). Different letters indicate significant differences at .

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