Review Article

Alterations of Antioxidant Enzymes and Biomarkers of Nitro-oxidative Stress in Tissues of Bladder Cancer

Table 2

Modifications of antioxidant enzymes in bladder cancer patients and controls.

Biochemical markersSamplesEnzyme activities and levelsReferences

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)Tissue
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()
SOD positive (%)
49.3% vs. 80% ()
[35]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()SOD activity (IU/mg)
vs. ()
[36]
BC tissues () vs. normal bladder tissue ()SOD activity (U/mg)
40 vs. 80
[37]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()SOD activity (U/mg prot)
vs. ()
[38]
Serum
BC patients () vs. controls ()
SOD activity (U/mL)
vs. ()
[39]
BC patients () vs. controls () vs. ()[40]

Catalase (CAT)Tissue
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()
CAT positive (%)
44% vs. 73.3 % ()
[35]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()CAT activity (IU/mg)
vs. ()
[36]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()CAT activity (IU/mg)
vs. ()
[38]
Serum
BC patients () vs. controls ()
CAT activity (u/L)
vs. ()
[39]

Glutathione peroxide (GTPx)Tissue
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()
GTPx positive (%)
45.3% vs. 63.3 % ()
[35]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()GTPx activity (IU/mg)
vs. ()
[36]
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()GTPx activity (U/g)
35 vs. 85
[37]
Serum
BC patients () vs. controls ()
GTPx activity (U/L)
vs. ()
[39]
BC patients () vs. controls () vs. ()[40]
Erythrocyte
Grade III BC patients () vs. controls ()
GTPx activity (U/g Hb)
4 vs. 5 ()
[43]

Glutathione (GSH)Tissue
BC tissue () vs. normal bladder tissue ()
GSH levels (μM/mg)
vs. ()
[42]
BC tissues () vs. normal bladder tissue ()GSH levels (mg/mL)
35 vs. 75
[37]

Paraoxonase-1 (PON1)Serum
BC patients () vs. controls ()
PON1 paraoxonase activity (U/L)
vs. ()
PON1 arylesterase activity (U/L)
vs. ()
[47]
BC patients () vs. controls ()PON1 paraoxonase activity (U/L)
239.1 (116.6–457.4) vs. 253.1 (149.5–434.7)
[48]
BC patients () vs. controls ()PON1 concentration (mg/L)
70.6 (18.2–185.2) vs. 101.6 (52.9–325.1)

Paraoxonase-2 (PON2)Tissue
BC tissues () vs. normal bladder tissue ()
PON2 expression levels:
2.01-fold higher in BC tissue vs. normal tissue ()
[49]
BC tissues vs. normal bladder tissuePON2 expression levels:
4.01-fold higher BC tissue vs. normal tissue ()
[44]