Research Article

The Preventive Effects and the Mechanisms of Action of Navel Orange Peel Hydroethanolic Extract, Naringin, and Naringenin in N-Acetyl-p-aminophenol-Induced Liver Injury in Wistar Rats

Table 5

Histopathological scores of liver lesions in normal control, APAP, APAP + peel extract, APAP + naringin, and APAP + naringenin groups.

Histopathological changesScoreNormal controlAPAPAPAP + peel extractAPAP + naringinAPAP + naringenin

Steatosis and fatty changes06 (100%)1 (16.7%)5 (83.3%)5 (83.3%)5 (83.3%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
II2 (33.3%)
III2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)

Inflammation06 (100%)1 (16.7%)4 (66.7%)5 (83.3%)5 (83.3%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
II2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)

Necrosis06 (100%)1 (16.7%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7)5 (83.3%)
I1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
II3 (50%)1 (16.7%)
III1 (16.7)

Hydropic degeneration06 (100%)3 (50.0%)6 (100%)6 (100%)6 (100%)
I
II1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)

Vacuolar degeneration06 (100%)4 (66.7%)1 (16.7%)6 (100%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)
II1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
III4 (66.7%)1 (16.7%)

Vascular congestion06 (100%)2 (33.3%)5 (83.3%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7%)
I2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
II1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
III1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)

Kupffer cell proliferation06 (100%)2 (33.3%)4 (66.7%)4 (66.7%)3 (15.0%)
I1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)
II1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)1 (16.7%)
III2 (33.3%)1 (16.7%)

0: absence of lesion; I: mild; II: moderate; and III: severe. The number of animals in each group is 6. The % in parentheses is the percent of animals in each grade.