Chlorella vulgaris Improves the Regenerative Capacity of Young and Senescent Myoblasts and Promotes Muscle Regeneration

Figure 9

Myogenin expression in young and senescent myoblasts during differentiation induction. Photomicrographs of myogenin staining on day 3 for young control myoblasts (a), young myoblasts treated with 10 μg/ml C. vulgaris (b), young myoblasts treated with 100 μg/ml C. vulgaris (c), senescent control myoblasts (d), senescent myoblasts treated with 10 μg/ml C. vulgaris (e), and senescent myoblasts treated with 100 μg/ml C. vulgaris (f) (magnification: 200x), with the presence of nuclei (blue) and myogenin (green) shown using arrows. Quantification of myogenin expression on days 1 and 3 of differentiation for young myoblasts (g) and senescent myoblasts (h). The data are presented as the , . : significantly different compared to young control myoblasts on day 3; : significantly different compared to young myoblasts treated with 10 μg/ml C. vulgaris on day 1; : significantly different compared to young myoblasts treated with 100 μg/ml C. vulgaris on day 1; : significantly different compared to senescent control myoblasts on day 1; : significantly different compared to senescent control myoblasts on day 3; : significantly different compared to senescent myoblasts treated with 10 μg/ml C. vulgaris on day 1; : significantly different compared to senescent myoblasts treated with 100 μg/ml C. vulgaris on day 1, with a post hoc Tukey HSD test.