Sulforaphane-Enriched Broccoli Sprouts Pretreated by Pulsed Electric Fields Reduces Neuroinflammation and Ameliorates Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Mouse Brain through Its Antioxidant Ability via Nrf2-HO-1 Activation

Figure 2

Pulsed electric field (PEF) and enzyme activity-treated broccoli sprouts inhibited nitrite production in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) activated BV2 microglial cells. BV2 microglial cells were pretreated with broccoli extracts, and LPS (100 ng/mL) stimulation was performed after 30 min. (a, b) Nitrite production and cell viability after different types of broccoli sample treatment. (c, d) Nitrite production and cell viability of LPS-activated microglia following pretreatment of broccoli samples. (e) IC50 value for the nitrite inhibition by C, C-P, H, and H-P treatment in LPS-activated microglia. (f-i) Nitrite inhibition and cell viability after C, C-P, H, and H-P pre- and post-treatment in LPS-activated microglia. All data are presented as error of the mean of three independent experiments. , , and indicate significant differences compared with treatment with LPS alone, while and indicate the significant differences compared with an untreated control group. Ctl: control; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; SB: sprout broccoli; AB: adult broccoli; SB-Enz: broccoli sprouts with induced enzyme activity; SB-PEF: broccoli sprouts with PEF treatment; SB-PEF + Enz: broccoli sprouts with PEF treatment and induced enzyme activity; C: cotyledons; C-P: cotyledons exposed with PEF + enzyme activity; H: hypocotyls; H-P: hypocotyls exposed with PEF + enzyme activity.

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