Medicinal Plants from Brazilian Cerrado: Antioxidant and Anticancer Potential and Protection against Chemotherapy Toxicity

Table 2

Cytotoxic potential and compounds identified from extracts of Cerrado plants.

Plant species	Parts used	Model	Cytotoxic features	Compounds identified	Ref.
S. adstringens	Stem bark	B16F10-Nex2	Mitochondrial depolarization, caspase-3 activation, and ROS production	Gallic acid, procyanidins, and catechins	Baldivia et al. [16]
	Stem bark	HeLa, SiHa, and C33A	Intense oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, increased Bax/BCL-2 ratio, and increased caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression	Proanthocyanidin polymer-rich fraction	Kaplum et al. [146]
		MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435	Increased Bax/BCL-2 ratio and increased caspase-9, active caspase-3, caspase-8, LC-3, and beclin-1 expression	Gallic acid, procyanidins, and catechins	Sabino et al. [147]
C. adamantium	Leaves	K562 cells	Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, cell cycle arrest at the S and G2 phases, and calcium influx	O-Pentoside and O-deoxyhexoside myricetin, quercetin O-pentoside, and myricetin-O-(O-galloyl)-pentoside	Campos et al. [17]
	Roots			O-Pentoside, O-methyl ellagic acid, O-hexoside, O-deoxyhexoside, O-methyl ellagic acid, and gallic acid
	Leaves	PC-3	Inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, DNA fragmentation, and decreased NFkB1 expression	Chalcone cardamonin	Pascoal et al. [144]
		MCF-7, HeLa, and M059J	Inhibited cancer cell proliferation	β-Myrcene, spathulenol, germacrene-B, β-caryophyllene oxide, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, viridiflorol, limonene, and (Z,E)-farnesol (6.51%)	Alves et al. [145]
S. velutina	Leaves	Jurkat/K562 cells	Caspase-3 activation, mitochondrial depolarization, cell cycle arrest at the S and G2 phases, and calcium influx	Epigallocatechin, epicatechin, rutin, kaempferol glycosides, and dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidins	Campos et al. [18]
	Roots	B16F10nex2 cells and mouse C57b1/6	Increased intracellular ROS levels, induced mitochondrial membrane potential dysfunction, activated caspase-3, and impaired pulmonary metastasis in vitro	Flavonoid derivatives of catechin and piceatannol (active metabolite of resveratrol) groups and dimeric tetrahydroanthracene derivatives	Castro et al. [142]
J. decurrens	Leaves	K562 cells	Mitochondrial depolarization, Caspase-3 activation, necrosis and late apoptosis	Phenolic compounds and flavonoids	Casagrande et al. [19]
H. speciosa	Leaves	Kasumi-1 cells	Necroptosis and cathepsin release	Bornesitol, quinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids derived from kaempferol and rutin	Dos Santos et al. [46]
G. ulmifolia	Stem bark	K562 cells and mouse C57b1/6	Protected against the doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and reduced oxidative haemolysis in vitro	Citric and quinic acids	Dos Santos et al. [22]
	Leaves			O-Pentosyl and di-O-deoxyhesosyl-hesosyl quercetin, O-deoxyhexosyl hexosyl luteolin, and di-O-deoxyhexosyl hexosyl kaempferol
S. terebinthifolius	Leaves	K562 cells and mouse C57b1/6	Protected against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and reduced oxidative haemolysis in vitro	Phenolic compounds, flavonoid, tannin, and ascorbic acid [21] and α-pinene, limonene, carene, and phellandrene [159]	Rocha et al. [21] and Carneiro et al. [159]