Plasma Medicine: Applications of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma in Dermatology

Table 3

Overview of studies on treatment of chronic and acute wounds with cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP).

Title	Number of subjects	Conclusion	Wound	Reference
A first prospective randomized controlled trial to decrease bacterial load using cold atmospheric argon plasma on chronic wounds in patients	36 patients	Highly significant reduction in bacterial load	Chronic	Isbary et al. [53]
Successful and safe use of 2 min cold atmospheric argon plasma in chronic wounds: results of a randomized controlled trial	24 patients	MicroPlaSter alpha: significant reduction in bacterial load; MicroPlaSter beta: highly significant reduction in bacterial load	Chronic	Isbary et al. [52]
Cold atmospheric argon plasma treatment may accelerate wound healing in chronic wounds: results of an open retrospective randomized controlled study in vivo	70 patients	Wound healing may be accelerated by CAP, particularly for chronic venous ulcers	Chronic	Isbary et al. [78]
The healing effect of low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma in pressure ulcer: a randomized controlled trial	50 patients	CAP-treated group had significantly better PUSH (pressure ulcer scale for healing) scores and exudate amount	Chronic	Chuangsuwanich et al. [54]
Clinical use of cold atmospheric pressure argon plasma in chronic leg ulcers: a pilot study	16 patients	Immediate antimicrobial effects of CAP plasma almost comparable to octenidine without signs of cytotoxicity	Chronic	Ulrich et al. [55]
Combined antibacterial effects of tissue-tolerable plasma and a modern conventional liquid antiseptic on chronic wound treatment	34 patients	The combined use of CAP and conventional antiseptics might represent the most efficient strategy for antiseptic treatment of chronic wounds	Chronic	Klebes et al. [56]
Alleviation of chronic venous leg ulcers with a hand-held dielectric barrier discharge plasma generator (PlasmaDerm® VU-2010): results of a monocentric, two-armed, open, prospective, randomized and controlled trial	14 patients	PlasmaDerm® VU-2010 device is safe and effective in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers	Chronic	Brehmer et al. [51]
Randomized placebo-controlled human pilot study of cold atmospheric argon plasma on skin graft donor sites	40 patients	Donor site wound areas treated with plasma showed significantly improved healing compared with placebo-treated areas	Acute	Heinlin et al. [59]
Experimental recovery of CO2-laser skin lesions by plasma stimulation	5 experimental case reports	Nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasma stimulation of laser skin lesion recovery looks promising	Acute	Metelmann et al. [60]
Scar formation of laser skin lesions after cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) treatment: a clinical long-term observation	20 laser lesions in 5 individuals	Plasma treatment seems to support the inflammation needed for tissue regeneration	Acute	Metelmann et al. [58]
Laser scanning microscopy as a means to assess the augmentation of tissue repair by exposition of wounds to tissue-tolerable plasma	6 subjects with vacuum-generated wounds	CAP led to a significantly more rapid area decline in comparison to no treatment, treatment with octenidine, and sequential treatment with CAP and octenidine	Acute	Vandersee et al. [57]