Research Article
Vanillic Acid Restores Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis and ATP Production in Human Cells Lacking COQ6
Figure 4
(a) Structure of VA compared to 4-HB the physiological precursor of CoQ. (b) Complex activity in COQ6∆25 cells transduced with COQ6 isoform a (Iso a), the G255R mutant, and the empty vector (EV), before and after supplementation with VA or CoQ10; n.s.: nonsignificant. (c) Steady-state CoQ10 levels and (d) ATP levels in WT and COQ6∆25 cells after supplementation with VA for 48 hours; a.u.: arbitrary units. (e) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) profiles in WT and COQ6∆25 cells treated with VA or CoQ, determined using a Seahorse XF24 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. The arrows indicate the addition of the individual inhibitors. (f) The same data represented as histograms.
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