Hypoxia-Induced ROS Contribute to Myoblast Pyroptosis during Obstructive Sleep Apnea via the NF-κB/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

Figure 8

Schematic diagram of hypoxia-induced pyroptosis in myoblasts. Hypoxia increases ROS production, which activates the NLRP3 inflammasome to release activated caspase-1. Activated caspase-1 cleaves GSDMD into GSDMD-p30 and pro-IL-1β into mature IL-1β, leading to membrane rupture and inflammatory responses. Moreover, hypoxia induces the nuclear translocation of the key transcriptional factor HIF-1α and activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, regulating the transcription of myogenic and inflammatory genes.