New Insights for Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Aging-Related Diseases: Herbal Medicine as Potential Therapeutic Approach

Table 1

MicroRNAs involved in aging-related diseases.

miR type	Model	Function	Target gene	Reference
miR-17	H2O2 induced senescent cells	Inhibited mTOR and JNK activation	ADCY5, ISR1	[62]
miR-83	Caenorhabditis elegans	Inhibitory activity of miR-83	din-1, daf-16	[63]
miR-29	Senescent embryonic fibroblast cell	Mediated loss of H4K20me3 promotes senescence	Suv4-20h2	[64]
miR-1292	hADSCs	Accelerated hADSC senescence and restrained osteogenesis	FZD4	[65]
miR-335-3p	Male C57B/6J mice	Reduced cholesterol and impaired memory	Cholesterol	[66, 67]
miR-195	Neonatal mouse cardiomyocyte	Promote apoptosis, causing lipotoxic cardiomyopathy	SIRT1	[68]
miR-126	HUVECs	Regulate high-fat diet-induced endothelial permeability and apoptosis	TGF-β	[69]
miR-138	Aging participants	Regulating the memory function of the elderly	DCP1B	[70]
miR-451	Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse heart	Participated in cardiac fibrosis	TGF-β1	[71]
miR-34	Myocardial infarction (MI) in neonatal and adult mice	Its inhibition diminished cell apoptosis	Bcl2, cyclin D1, Sirt1	[72]
miR-146a	Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs)	Ameliorates endothelial inflammation and the progression of atherosclerosis	Receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6)	[73]
miR-21	Human umbilical vein ECs	Promoting endothelial inflammation	PPARα	[74]
miR-155	Human nasopharyngeal cancer and cervical cancer cells	Prevention of an age-induced deleterious decrease in autophagy	RHEB, RICTOR, RPS6KB2	[75]
miR-24	H9C2 cardiomyocytes	Attenuate cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial injury	Keap1	[76]
miR-181	Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice	Dampen the inflammatory response in the endothelium	NF-κB	[77]
miR-18a	Naturally aged mice	Regulation of extracellular matrix production during aging cardiomyopathy	CTGF, TSP-1	[78]
miR-377	Old skin tissues	Promotes fibroblast senescence	DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1)	[79]
miR-9-5p	Human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y	Suppression in cell apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress	SIRT1	[80]
miR-124	Normal human epidermal keratinocytes	Cause skin cell senescence	MEK1, cyclin E1	[81]
miR-15	Human dermal fibroblast	Counteracting senescence-associated mitochondrial dysfunction	SIRT4	[82]