Review Article

Environmental Noise-Induced Effects on Stress Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Dysfunction: Key Factors in the Relationship between Cerebrocardiovascular and Psychological Disorders

Figure 3

Associations between total noise annoyance, (a) atrial fibrillation, (b) depression, and generalized anxiety in the Gutenberg Health Study. AF: atrial fibrillation; adj. PR: adjusted prevalence ratio for sex, age, and socioeconomic status; CI: confidence interval. Adapted from (a) Hahad et al. [15] and (b) Beutel et al. [19] with permission.
(a)
(b)