Metabolites of the Nitric Oxide (NO) Pathway Are Altered and Indicative of Reduced NO and Arginine Bioavailability in Patients with Cardiometabolic Diseases Complicated with Chronic Wounds of Lower Extremities: Targeted Metabolomics Approach (LC-MS/MS)
Table 1
Characteristics of the study population.
Parameter
Healthy controls
Patients with cardiometabolic diseases
value
Without chronic wounds
With chronic wounds
Number of patients
88
55
59
—
Age (yrs.), median (range)
63 (50-73)
64 (49-81)
65 (40-87)
0.086K
Sex (F/M),
33/55
29/26
22/37
0.145
FG (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)
—
159.5 (149-179)
147.2 (105-189)
0.591W
HbA1C (%), mean (95% CI)
—
7.73 (7.2-8.2)
7.98 (7-8.9)
0.620t
CHOL (mg/dL), median (95% CI)
—
168 (163-177)
164 (147-175)
0.162M
HDL (mg/dL), median (95% CI)
—
44.5 (40-49)
35 (32-44)
0.008M
LDL (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)
—
101 (91-112)
89.8 (81-99)
0.104W
TG (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)
—
148.4 (129-171)
126.7 (108-148)
0.156t
Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (95% CI)
—
0.98 (0.92-1.04)
0.89 (0.78-1.02)
0.191W
HGB (g/dL), mean (95% CI)
—
13.5 (13-13.9)
12.9 (12.4-13.8)
0.084t
CRP (mg/L), mean (95% CI)
—
1.7 (1.3-2.3)
19.6 (13.5-28.5)
<0.0001t
yrs.: years; F/M: female-to-male ratio; SD: standard deviation; : number of patients; FG: fasting glucose; HbA1C: glycated hemoglobin; CHOL: total cholesterol; HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HGB: hemoglobin; CRP: C-reactive protein; KKruskal-Wallis test; WWelch test; chi-squared test; t-test for independent samples; MMann-Whitney test.