Research Article

Melatonin and Caffeine Supplementation Used, Respectively, as Protective and Stimulating Agents in the Cryopreservation of Human Sperm Improves Survival, Viability, and Motility after Thawing compared to Traditional TEST-Yolk Buffer

Table 1

Mean, standard deviation (SD), and minimum and maximum (min–max) values in precryopreservation and postthaw sperm samples without supplementation.

Pre-cryopreservation
Postthaw
value

Concentration (million/ml)
 Mean; SD62.48; 47.3218.13; 11.94<0.001
 Min–max22.00-240.001.90-45.00
Progressive motility (%)
 Mean; SD50.22; 10.967.50; 2.71<0.001
 Min–max35.00-75.000.00-50.00
Total motility (%)
 Mean; SD66.09; 8.9416.13; 12.27<0.001
 Min–max50.00-90.000.00-50.00
Curvilinear velocity (VCL) (μm/s)
 Mean; SD55.69; 10.8929.47; 20.27<0.001
 Min–max5.80-69.000.00-64.33
Straight-line velocity (VSL) (μm/s)
 Mean; SD19.45; 7.707.61; 8.970.002
 Min–max11.58-40.140.00-32.58
Average path velocity (VAP) (μm/s)
 Mean; SD30.66; 8.1214.12; 11.43<0.001
 Min–max0.00-37.3824.23-58.46
Linearity (LIN) (%)
 Mean; SD34.54; 9.5320.34; 15.010.005
 Min–max24.23-58.460.00-63.19
Straightness (STR) (%)
 Mean; SD62.27; 9.5021.86; 18.63<0.001
 Min–max50.45-82.380.00-67.61
Wobble (WOB) (%)
 Mean; SD54.70; 6.6641.90; 15.620.009
 Min–max47.62-70.960.00-72.50
Hyperactivity (%)
 Mean; SD7.97; 7.462.47; 6.830.073
 Min–max0.90-25.750.00-25.00
DNA fragmentation index (%)
 Mean; SD36.86; 15.2947.93; 18.090.046
 Min–max12.00-64.0011.00-92.00
DAB I (%)
 Mean; SD26.19; 15.619.43; 7.23<0.001
 Min–max4.00-66.000.00-23.00
DAB II (%)
 Mean; SD47.62; 17.3951.48; 12.180.418
 Min–max3.00-24.0028.00-71.00
DAB III (%)
 Mean; SD11.67; 5.5421.19; 7.84<0.001
 Min–max6.00-44.003.00-24.00
DAB IV (%)
 Mean; SD12.95; 8.9218.04; 10.940.106
 Min–max2.00-38.003.00-42.00
ROS level (104 cpm/ sperm)
 Mean; SD0.92; 0.763.22; 4.940.052
 Min–max0.20-3.110.03-19.53

DAB: mitochondrial activity grade; ROS: radical oxygen species. Values in bold are statistically significant () based on Student’s paired -test. slightly >0.05 not statistically significant but is biologically relevant.