Melatonin and Caffeine Supplementation Used, Respectively, as Protective and Stimulating Agents in the Cryopreservation of Human Sperm Improves Survival, Viability, and Motility after Thawing compared to Traditional TEST-Yolk Buffer
Table 1
Mean, standard deviation (SD), and minimum and maximum (min–max) values in precryopreservation and postthaw sperm samples without supplementation.
Pre-cryopreservation
Postthaw
value
Concentration (million/ml)
Mean; SD
62.48; 47.32
18.13; 11.94
<0.001
Min–max
22.00-240.00
1.90-45.00
Progressive motility (%)
Mean; SD
50.22; 10.96
7.50; 2.71
<0.001
Min–max
35.00-75.00
0.00-50.00
Total motility (%)
Mean; SD
66.09; 8.94
16.13; 12.27
<0.001
Min–max
50.00-90.00
0.00-50.00
Curvilinear velocity (VCL) (μm/s)
Mean; SD
55.69; 10.89
29.47; 20.27
<0.001
Min–max
5.80-69.00
0.00-64.33
Straight-line velocity (VSL) (μm/s)
Mean; SD
19.45; 7.70
7.61; 8.97
0.002
Min–max
11.58-40.14
0.00-32.58
Average path velocity (VAP) (μm/s)
Mean; SD
30.66; 8.12
14.12; 11.43
<0.001
Min–max
0.00-37.38
24.23-58.46
Linearity (LIN) (%)
Mean; SD
34.54; 9.53
20.34; 15.01
0.005
Min–max
24.23-58.46
0.00-63.19
Straightness (STR) (%)
Mean; SD
62.27; 9.50
21.86; 18.63
<0.001
Min–max
50.45-82.38
0.00-67.61
Wobble (WOB) (%)
Mean; SD
54.70; 6.66
41.90; 15.62
0.009
Min–max
47.62-70.96
0.00-72.50
Hyperactivity (%)
Mean; SD
7.97; 7.46
2.47; 6.83
0.073
Min–max
0.90-25.75
0.00-25.00
DNA fragmentation index (%)
Mean; SD
36.86; 15.29
47.93; 18.09
0.046
Min–max
12.00-64.00
11.00-92.00
DAB I (%)
Mean; SD
26.19; 15.61
9.43; 7.23
<0.001
Min–max
4.00-66.00
0.00-23.00
DAB II (%)
Mean; SD
47.62; 17.39
51.48; 12.18
0.418
Min–max
3.00-24.00
28.00-71.00
DAB III (%)
Mean; SD
11.67; 5.54
21.19; 7.84
<0.001
Min–max
6.00-44.00
3.00-24.00
DAB IV (%)
Mean; SD
12.95; 8.92
18.04; 10.94
0.106
Min–max
2.00-38.00
3.00-42.00
ROS level (104 cpm/ sperm)
Mean; SD
0.92; 0.76
3.22; 4.94
0.052
Min–max
0.20-3.11
0.03-19.53
DAB: mitochondrial activity grade; ROS: radical oxygen species. Values in bold are statistically significant () based on Student’s paired -test. slightly >0.05 not statistically significant but is biologically relevant.