Cold Physical Plasma Modulates p53 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Keratinocytes

Figure 2

Cold plasma transiently enhanced total p53 protein expression and induced nuclear translocation. Total expression of p53 showed a treatment time-depending increase (a, after 3 h), in particular, 3 h after plasma exposure (b, 180 s). Immune fluorescent microscopy of HaCaT cells revealed a strong translocation of p53 (green) from cytoplasm into the nucleus in dependence of treatment and incubation time (CII) in contrast to control (CI). After 30 min, p53 was exclusively detected in nuclei. Forty-eight hours after plasma exposure, p53 was redistributed in the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells. Data are presented as mean + S.D. of two analyses (a, b) or as one representative (c, d). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett corrections for multiple comparisons to untreated, normalized control (). Scale bar 50 μm (CII, DI-II) and 20 μm (CI, DIII).

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