Cold Physical Plasma Modulates p53 and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Keratinocytes

Figure 5

Cold plasma-induced activation of checkpoint kinases 1 and 2 downstream of ATM/ATR in HaCaT cells. Displayed are the increase of the relative phosphorylation levels of Chk1 (a, p-S296) and Chk2 (b, p-T68) after different treatment times, and time course of phosphorylated Chk1 (c) and Chk2 (d) protein after 180 s of plasma treatment over 24 h. Phosphorylated proteins were normalized to β-actin. Data are presented as mean + S.D. of three analyses. The x-axis represents treatment time (a, b) or incubation after plasma treatment (c, d). Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett corrections for multiple comparisons to untreated, normalized control (, ).

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