Ankrd2 in Mechanotransduction and Oxidative Stress Response in Skeletal Muscle: New Cues for the Pathogenesis of Muscular Laminopathies

Figure 2

Interaction network for Ankrd2. Interactors listed in Table 1 were loaded into the STRING database: https://string-db.org/. The majority of Ankrd2 interactors, including titin, telethonin, Ankrd1, Ankrd23, ZASP6, and calpain 3, are involved in mechanosignaling. Other Ankrd2 interacting proteins are involved in DNA binding and regulation of transcription and include p53, MECP2, ID3, YB-1, PAX6, PML, and NF-IL3. A-type lamins, including lamin A, its precursor prelamin A, and lamin C, are Ankrd2 interactors and are involved in multiple cellular functions, including modulation of the nuclear stiffness in response to mechanical and oxidative stress and of epigenetic factor activity. Ankrd2 also interacts with protein kinases, as Akt2, and with proteins with PDZ or SH3 domains able to mediate protein-protein interactions (including ZO-1 and β1-syntrophin, respectively). Note that the majority of Ankrd2 interactors were identified from in vitro studies or in nonmuscular cellular systems (see text and Table 1 for references).