Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease

<div>Schematic diagram of mechanisms for antioxidant activity of geniposide. Geniposide activates the GLP-1R-mediated signaling cascades in oxidative stress induced by H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, SIN-1, I/R, and high-fat food. ROS: reactive oxygen species; GLP-1R: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor; CuZn-SOD: copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase; SIN-1: 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride; PKA: protein kinase A; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; PPAR<i>α</i>: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-<i>α</i>; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase; HO-1: heme oxygenase-1; Nrf2: nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2.</div>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 4: Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease 

Figure 4 | Antioxidative Property and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Geniposide-Mediated Therapeutic Effects in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease 