Differential Modulation of NF-κB in Neurons and Astrocytes Underlies Neuroprotection and Antigliosis Activity of Natural Antioxidant Molecules

Figure 4

Effect of antioxidants on astrocytic NF-κB binding activity. (a, b) EMSA of nuclear extracts from astrocytes stimulated for 2 h with LPS (a) or TNFα (b) and the effect of RSV (10 μM), QRC (10 μM), OLP (100 μg/ml), GTE (12.5 μg/ml), CRC (10 μM), ALA (10 μM), LYC (10 μM), NAC (300 μM), or pool. CP = competition assay with excess unlabeled oligonucleotide. (c) qRT-PCR on total RNA prepared from astrocytes treated with LPS for 3 h. Where indicated, astrocytes were preincubated with RSV (10 μM), QRC (10 μM), or LYC (10 μM). Data, expressed as fold of induction (ΔΔCt), are the mean of two independent experiments. (d) Quantitative analysis of NF-κB binding activity by ImageJ software. Data, expressed as percent of CTR, are the of three experiments. , , and versus CTR (ANOVA and Dunnett’s multiple comparison test).

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