Anti-inflammatory Role of Carotenoids in Endothelial Cells Derived from Umbilical Cord of Women Affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Figure 1

Effect of carotenoids on TNF-α-induced monocyte interaction in C- and GD-HUVECs. Monocyte-HUVEC adhesion in C- and GD-HUVECs untreated (Basal) and incubated for 24 h with BC or Lyc (2.5 μmol/L) and then stimulated for 16 h with or without TNF-α (1 ng/mL). In the histogram (upper side), quantitative data express the number of U937 cells adhering within a high-power field (3.5mm²). Each measurement is expressed as the of adhering cells from 3 experiments (), each consisting of 8 counts per condition. In the lower side, representative photos of C- and GD-HUVECs for each experimental condition. ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison test: vs. basal C-HUVECs, vs. TNF-α C-HUVECs, vs. Basal GD-HUVECs, vs. TNF-α GD-HUVECs. Student’s -test: basal GD-HUVECs vs. basal C-HUVECs, TNF-α GD-HUVECs vs. TNF-α C-HUVECs.