Dichloroacetate (DCA) and Cancer: An Overview towards Clinical Applications

Table 3

Properties of the main classes of DCA drug formulations tested in cancer cell lines and in vivo models with experimental evidence related.

Class of drug formulation	Features	In vitro tests	In vivo tests	Experimental evidence	References
Metal-DCA frameworks (no platinum)	Metal ions linked to organic ligands into porous scaffolds	MCF-7/MDA-MB-231 (breast); HeLa/LO2 (cervix); A2780 (ovary); A549/NCl-H1229 (lung)	Breast mouse models	Biocompatibility selective cytotoxicity; Immune system compatibility; Low mutagenicity	[77–82]
Doxorubicin-DCA conjugate	Complexes of DCA and chemotherapy drugs	B16F10 (melanoma)	Sarcoma and melanoma mouse models	Selective cytotoxicity safety; In vivo antitumour efficiency	[83]
Platinum prodrugs with DCA	Platinum core associated to DCA and others drugs	MCF-7 (breast); LoVo/HCT-15/HCT116 (colon); A549 (lung); BxPC3/PSN-1 (pancreas); A375 (melanoma); BCPAP (thyroid); HeLa (cervix); HepG2 (hepatocarcinoma)	Lung carcinoma mouse models	Selective cytotoxicity multiple action; Increased cellular uptake	[84–86]