[Retracted] Proanthocyanidins Antagonize Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Damage and Promote Arsenic Methylation through Activation of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Figure 8

Proportion of arsenic methylated metabolites in cells and medium (mean ± SD, ). The cells were treated with arsenic (25 μM) and grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE; 10, 25, and 50 mg/L) for 24 h. compared with the GSPE untreated group. Compared with the GSPE untreated group, 25 and 50 mg/L GSPE reduced the proportion of iAs³⁺ and increased the proportion of iAs⁵⁺, MMA, and DMA in cells. Similarly, treatment with GSPE for 24 h increased the proportion of DMA in medium compared with the untreated group.