Betulinic Acid Suppresses Breast Cancer Metastasis by Targeting GRP78-Mediated Glycolysis and ER Stress Apoptotic Pathway

Figure 1

BA inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. (a) BA inhibited MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (b) BA exerted minimal inhibitory effects on HBL-100. (c, d) 20 and 40 μM BA significantly suppressed colony growth of both MDA-MB-231 and BT-549, while it did not apparently affect the colony formation of HBL-100. (e) BA significantly slowed down the confluence of wound healing, revealing its ability of migration resistance. (f) Transwell assay indicated that the number of invasive cells was reduced by BA (the results were obtained from triplicate experiments and were represented as ; and as compared with control).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)